European industry and beyond faces the challenge of becoming carbon neutral within an unprecedented short timeframe. An important approach to achieving this goal is to transform the current economy into a circular economy. In this context, the reuse of technical products and their recycling are at the forefront. Flexibility and adaptability are crucial for the competitiveness of companies. Adaptive and autonomous assembly and disassembly systems are therefore key. Classically automated assembly systems are inflexible due to a mostly rigid and predefined sequence control and are usually strongly oriented towards economic criteria. Existing autonomous manufacturing cells with their focus on autonomy and failure-free operation also reach their limits in terms of adaptivity. For this reason, intelligent systems are needed that are able to operate autonomously and without intervention, as well as to cope with complex and cognitively demanding situations and tasks.